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Adjusting ultrasonic horn frequencies

I recently reworked one of my ultrasonic horns and I now need to tune its frequency. The horn is a 20 kHz solid steel horn that has a round diameter in the rear and narrows to a flat "blade" in the front. I do have access to a Dukane horn analyzer.

Can you tell me where I need to machine the horn to increase and also decrease the frequency?

Thank you.

Forums: 

Hello Ros,

As a general rule you increase the frequency by removing material from either end, reduce it by removing material in the centre (that tends to
be the more difficult option depending on the exact shape of the horn).

Chris

Thank you.

By chance do you know of any books or other form of reference that explains this?

I don't know of much that's still available - one of the best simple references was an old ZVEI handbook (German Electrical Manufacturers Association).

As a result I'm aiming to put up some more information on the powerultrasonics site soon "Horn design 101" or similar.

Can anyone else suggest currently available reference books on sonotrode design and tuning?

Chris